Friday, September 30, 2005

教會回應全球化的使命和挑戰 ── 在休戚與共的團結精神下達成全球化

近月,因著八大工業國(G8)在蘇格蘭舉行峰會和Live 8大型滅貧音樂會的舉行,全球化議題再次成為國際新聞焦點。與G8峰會同時期舉行的民間另類峰會和音樂會,向八大國發出清晰的信息,指出單單消除非洲債務並不足夠,各西方大國更要撤除貿易障礙,令非洲農產品不致被擠出世界市場;世界銀行及國際貨幣基金會停止對非洲國家的控制,包括強迫開放市場和將公共服務私有化;以及讓非洲國家有權規管外國投資等。可惜的是,這些新聞在香港只是暈花一現,有些報章更只將報道刊登在娛樂版,
社會未能就全球化問題掀起進一步的討論。

然而,今時今日,全球化在各個領域已成為不容忽視的現象,它是好還是壞亦成為爭論的其中一個焦點。事實上,全球化是仍在急速演化的複雜現象,它既提供了機會、利益和物質生活的改善,但同時亦帶來挑戰、危機和風險,所以不能簡單地將它定性。

有論者稱,在全球自由市場下,經濟互相依存的狀況對社會和經濟發展帶來裨益,它引入新思維,令科技進步,打破溝通隔膜,改善生活水平,加強民間弱勢社群的全球連繫。另一方面,亦有其他論者指出,現時的所謂互相依存情況充斥著不公平,缺乏互惠,將弱勢者邊緣化,延續貧窮,加劇貧富懸殊,更提倡消費主義,加劇生態破壞,維持窮兵黷武,分裂社區和文化,造就排斥性和不包容環境。可見,全球化帶來好處或壞處,視乎它如何演變,被引領至甚麼方向。但有一點肯定的是,全球化所帶來的社會變革和衝擊不少於上一世紀的工業革命,它的影響不只涉及經濟和政府權力,更關乎到人的生命和人際關係,改變工作的性質和閒暇的形式。這些關注已非停留在本地或一國的層面,而是關係到世界各地不同處境下生活的人,不只西方大國領袖的決定才對第三世界國家人民有影響,我們的消費行為亦可以左右他人的命運。因此,生活在全球化時代,香港人決不能置身事外。

面對全球化現象,特別是經濟全球化對各領域的影響,教會有何責任?在倫理道德上教會可提供甚麼反省?這涉及廣泛的分析反省,不少全球性教會組織和神學家就不同方面曾作探討,限於篇幅,筆者在此只作初步討論。

不少教會都強調其普世性幅度,各地教會有著一定的聯繫,在世界舞台中教會亦是活躍份子。很多教會在實踐其社會使命時,都會採取一種國際性和普世性的視野和角度。它們將其使命視為服務全人類,在現世以愛和公義建立天國。事實上,面對全球化無遠弗屆的影響力,教會在變化萬千的處境中履行其社會使命時,絕不可忽略這現象。然而,全球化在不同地方對不同背景階層的人發揮著不同的影響力,教會在計劃如何回應全球化的挑戰時,必須細心觀察全球境況與當地情況的異同。

上主創造人類成一大家庭 
全球化既能使人受惠,亦可能為人帶來痛苦。當討論教會如何回應全球化現象時,往往很快下定論,指出首要任務是在全球化過程注入福音精神,令各種制度更人性化,減少剝削和排斥。不錯,這點的確很重要,但要檢視教會如何看全球化並訂定回應策略時,我們有需要先從信仰角度肯定全人類和全世界的本質,即上主創造全人類為一大家庭這事實。「人類大家庭」是全球性實況,由男性和女性組成,是按上主的肖像受造,被賦予管理大地、令所有受造物和諧共處的任務。因此,上主在創造天地時,已將祂的至善傳遞給我們,並委託我們好好管治世界,令世上的一切惠及所有人,使所有人和整個世界受益,就像一起活在一大家庭中,當中包含著人與神、人與人以至人與整個大地的關係。

既然人類大家庭是全球現況的原型,我們可以把全球化中的一切進步力量,包括科技、通訊、運輸、對生態環境的共同責任等,視為工具──了解上主的創造行動中的「全球」本質和「家庭」本質的工具。這些全球化的進步力量,可以為人類帶來更大的團結,克服人與人、國與國之間的分裂和障礙,這亦是教會使命的基本要素,可見教會本身亦是有全球化的特質。與此一脈相承,以基督徒身分去回應全球化,福音精神中的三項基本原則是我們必須強調的:尊重每個人的人性尊嚴、人類大家庭的合一團結和對一切受造物的共同責任。

教會的回應方式
這些原則是判斷全球化下不同現象的準則,不論是有關自由化或私有化、自由貿易或關稅協定、開放市場或資金流動、工作靈活性或工作非正規化等等,若結果不能達至人類的更大團結和建立更密切的關係,而是為人類帶來更多隔膜和關係破裂,則有必要檢討以及改變全球化的方向。教會的挑戰和遠景,正是在現今的社會經濟生活中,不論在本地或國際層面,把團結關懷、休戚與共的倫理原則有效地實踐出來,並推行以團結為基礎的社會經濟體制,從而體現人類大家庭的團結合一精神。

要落實這些原則,不致淪為感性的道德口號或抽象的神學反省,教會宜採用一套結合倡議、連線、牧民照顧、教育和信仰培育的策略,建立和促進一個維護尊嚴、公義和可持續發展的社會和世界。換言之,在架構、制度和法律上,個人和集體意識及價值必須加以轉化。這使命對教會來說是一重大挑戰,但非不可行,教會必須仔細觀察和分析現實,評估教會的資源和能力,辨別和構思具體的牧民計劃,從而推行團結行動。

強調人乃一切發展的中心
在現時的經濟全球化發展中,由一種特殊的全球整合模式主導,這模式是新自由主義配合「企業領導全球化」。在這模式領導下,自由市場力量擴張,而政府在控制經濟活動和紓緩貧窮問題的角色則減弱;跨國企業及富裕國政府為求達至其商業利益,設計出種種不公平的規則,使發展中國家的小農、商人、工人和一般人民成為犧牲品。然而,市場不可過份被跨耀,因為成功經濟的背後動力是人類的主動、創意和勞動力,市場只不過是工具。倘若人力資源才是經濟進步的主因,則關心人類順理成章應成為全球共同利益之所在。

然而,現實恰好相反,工人往往成為低成本和競爭力的犧牲品,權利不受重視。就以香港為例,不少工人因工業轉型而失業或被迫從事低技術、低薪和缺乏福利保障的工作。工作兼職化和非正規化可能令雇主減低成本,提高利潤,卻令工人長期面對不穩定的工作前景,基本生活不受保障。加上長久浸淫在資本主義社會中,不少香港人亦受個人主義、物質主義和消費主義所影響,被大眾傳媒所推崇的價值觀所引導,少有關心消費品來源涉及的工人和環境問題。

因此,教會在回應全球化時,必須重新強調人類是一切發展的核心,經濟發展必須以人為本,而不是以利潤為本,並以此大前題作為檢視各項政策或措施的準則,以及計劃培育和牧民行動的基礎。

倡議以團結為基礎的經濟體系.加強教會及民間聯繫網絡
面對經濟全球化的謬誤邏輯思想及其後果,教會必須加以抗衡和提出另類模式。基於以人為本的發展模式,教會必須倡議建設一個可持續及為全民提供保障的社會,一個公正和有道德感的經濟制度,使更多人可參與影響其生活的決策、計劃和執行措施,並令公營和私營機構都為其帶來的社會和生態後果負責。所謂可持續發展,不是指一個地區的經濟發展,而是指整個地球的可持續發展。例如,在香港談可持續發展,不可只說香港經濟實體的可持續發展。事實上,香港沒有多少天然資源,一切都需要入口,我們的生活模式和商業活動,都影響香港以外的地球生態。故此每一個消費或商業決定都影響他人,不可只從香港利益出發。基於此,經濟發展應從囤積財富和以利潤為中心,轉移到以團結關懷、財富再分配和利益共享為方向及目標。

要促進這種模式,教會必須參與轉化經濟全球化的倡議運動,並與其他宗教及民間團體合作。教會可運用現存的各地教會、合一團體和本地及國際社會運動網絡,支持或參與有關回應全球化現象的運動和計劃,及與社會上其他民間組織就個別議題合作,例如有關保護環境、貿易、外債、軍事化、企業社會責任、性別平等和移民等。教會可影響公眾輿論和游說政治經濟決策者,在國際層面針對西方工業國和國際財務機構,在本地層面則是當地公共和私營權力機構,呼籲它們停止一切剝削排斥和破壞環境的行為,遵守人權公約、國際勞工組織和相關的多邊協議等。

基於對多元知識來源的尊重,教會及基督徒組織應善用其他宗教團體和民間組織的專長和關係網絡。教會應為那些在經濟體制中處於不同位置和角色的人,包括政策製訂者和一般人民製造對話、討論和協商的機會。

更有效推動以上的倡議工作,教會必須喚醒教會本身的成員及公眾對全球化的認識,特別是他們的政府在各國際組織的角色和決策權,並裝備他們採取有關行動,如影響政府協助其他國家發展的決定。 

與邊緣社群團結共享 
經濟全球化反映了對經濟發展和科技進步的盲目崇拜,並以此作為解決人類問題的唯一方法。這世界觀與團結人類和以人為本的發展背道而馳。今天,世界被狹隘的個人主義、自私態度和民族之間的隔閡所分裂,教會因而需以一種新方式臨在人間,透過共融和團結在世上見證耶穌基督的愛人精神,教會的臨在可被視作團結的標記和象徵。教會必須站在邊緣社群和被排斥的人士的一方,抗拒全球化的霸權,並參與建立一個和平、公義、共享和團結的文化。因此,與貧窮人、邊緣社群和其他信仰人士交談是教會的牧民/牧養關注點。

面對全球化,社會上一些邊緣群體尤其值得關注和照顧,包括女性、兒童和青年、原住民、基層工人、被迫遷徙者(如移民勞工和難民)。教會面對的挑戰是,為他們提供可重建生命和以服務為中心的項目,作為牧民/牧養使命的實踐。教會團體及信徒要有意識地為全球化下的受害者給予治療服務,如透過直接服務、自強訓練和精神支持。這首先需要信徒消除偏見,不單從利益角度出發視他們為社會的負擔,而是視他們為大家庭內的兄弟姊妹,這需要培育同理心,以平等態度對待邊緣社群及從他們的角度了解他們的處境。

社會正義及可持續發展的教育及信仰培育
除了倡議和牧民照顧,及培養對弱勢社群的同理心,教會應進一步推廣整合的信仰培育,將信仰與日常生活以至社會生活連結,將靈修與社會關懷連結。社會生活與信仰生活並非互不相干的兩個範疇,特別對平信徒來說,他們從工作、家庭和社會中體會到上主的臨在和恩典,這些範疇亦是他們實踐信仰的地方。

為了更了解全球化對生活的影響,教會宜推行有關社會實況和社會分析的培育,從批判角度思考問題,及從基督徒的價值觀和教會社會教導(特別是有關憐憫、共負責任、共融和團結)作反省,並配合整合的靈修觀,幫助信徒結合靈修與關社。例如,教會可幫助生活在資本主義社會中的信徒,分析消費文化現象,從信仰角度反省一己的責任及消費行為的後果,是否在有意無意中剝奪其他人的生產和收入,及忽視工人的尊嚴和權利,並支持信徒計劃行動,如改變不自主的消費模式、支持社區經濟以打破大企業的壟斷,或實行消費者責任確保工人得到合理對待等。這些行動及意識亦可豐富我們的靈性生活,讓我們再檢視與上主的關係和對他人的責任。

教會的自我實踐
教會在呼籲政府、國際社會和個人作改變和轉化時,必須檢視教會本身的行事習慣。教會在傳揚福音和建構神學時必須對正義和性別平等具敏感度,避免宣講一套主張累積和消費的繁榮神學,以及合理化壓抑女性角色的父權神學。 

同時,教會本身亦應公正行事,例如不剝削員工,檢討教會處理土地、勞工和投資退休金或其他金融的道德問題,不濫用特權,實踐神職與平信徒、男和女之間的夥伴合作關係,以及令教會更公開及具透明度。教會本身應提供交談的空間,以建立共同見證的園地。這些都是教會可作見證的機會。惟有這樣,教會宣講的公義信息才具說服力。

以上的工作雖然艱巨,但要實現天國臨現人間的理想,教會之間需多合作,共同在全球化時代實踐信仰,所謂「具備全球視野,在本地和國際力行」是教會的當前任務。

《思》雙月刊96期 2005年9月

Monday, September 26, 2005

Young Evangelists in Mountain Village of Myanmar

Climbing mountains, crossing rivers, providing informal education to village children; sharing faith and teaching children catechism; taking care of the sick…all these are common experiences of the five young zetamans sitting in front of me and the zetaman sisters (the word “zetaman” is Burmese, meaning sending the apostles or serving others).

In spite of the young age of these lay zetamans who are in their 20s, they have already served in the village for two to three years. Some of them just came back from village, after taking a break they will go back to the village again. Some have finished their term of service and decided to join the zetaman sisters after discerning their callings. Although they serve in different places, they are asked to join a short course on Bible, English, basic computer skill and health care being conducted by five of us from Hong Kong in the Zetaman sisters Formation Center in Taunggyi in August 2005. Thus, I have the chance to know them, learning their stories and experiences of meeting God.

Follow Jesus and Do Some Small Things for the Poorest

Serving others requires skill and knowledge. Thus, all zetamans have to attend a three-month course before starting evangelization. They need to learn bible, catechism, music, basic health care knowledge and how to take care of the sick. However, going to a place far away from home and living with the villagers who are strangers to them demonstrate that these zetamans are not merely volunteers or social workers. Willing to serving in the village for years cannot just depend on sudden and temporary passion or emotion, although sometimes it is a must. What motivates them is the strong sense of mission, following Jesus and living with the poor, and bringing Jesus’ love to others.

“I want to spread the good news to the poor like Jesus,” Jeromena said firmly. “In order to do God’s way, I have to become a follower of Jesus,” Stella, another zetaman in her early 20s said. Agatha who has been working in a village in Loikow shows her eagerness to share knowledge and faith with children in village who do not have chance to receive formal education. Some years ago, Sr. Bibiana, the superior of the formation centre, even escaped from home and walked to the Zetaman Centre in Mobye for two days, in the hope of fulfilling her wish in serving the poor. “My wish is very simple, that is to serve the church, to do some small things to the poorest.” Although this wish looks simple and small, without firm conviction and strong will, no one can imagine that this eloquent sister was a “rebel” and insist to achieve her goal in spite of the objection of her parents.

Along the Border of Life and Death

Full of passion and faith do not necessarily mean everything goes smooth. Like ordinary people, the zetamans have experienced many difficulties and frustration. Geographically, Taunggyi Diocese is vast in scope, many villages are located in isolated areas. Although zetamans usually station in one place, they have to visit various nearby villages too. Nearby villages may require one to walk several hours to half a day. In rainy season, it is more risky as the zetamans need to walk on slippery trails of the mountains. Several zetamans said that they fell down several times when traveling from village to another. Another one said she and her partner were almost drown when water level rose suddenly when they crossed a river. She still felt scary when sharing this experience. Luckily they got over it.

Many zetamans got malaria when they worked in villages. With the lack of medicine and appropriate care, some were sick for months and some cannot get totally cured. They are still suffering from it and get sick from time to time. In fact, this is an unavoidable experience to almost every zetaman. In the past, eight zetamans died of malaria during their service. One can see how risky it is to serve in village.

Apart from natural risk and illness, zetamans have to lead a harsh life. When they decided to join the zetaman program, they already know they have to live with villagers in poor condition, thus, sometimes they may not have enough food to eat. However, they do not bring money but only some medicine with them, hoping to lead the same life as the villagers no matter it’s happy or difficult. However, reality may not be the same as what one wishes. A zetaman shared with me an unhappy experience. In the village where she served, villagers hope that the zetamans could take care of the sick and the children. However, when the zetamans got sick and had nothing to eat, the villagers refused to help. She was so sad, frustrated and disappointed at that time. What she could do was to comfort herself, thinking that as a servant of God and follower of Christ, she must insist and continue the service.

Myanmar is a Buddhist country with a majority of the population as Buddhists. Many of them are kind and friendly to the zetamans. However, some of them are hostile. In the village where Sr. Bibiana worked for two years, she experienced two small bombings and once being attacked by a guy with a knife in hand in the house where the zetamans lived. They felt so frightened and dare not went out alone and late at night.

Prayers give Strength to Face All Difficulties

Another difficulty is language problem. There are many tribes in Taunggyi, speaking different dialects. When zetamans first arrive the villages, they may not fully understand the villagers and take time to learn how to communicate with them and know their needs. Furthermore, children are sometimes distracted from learning and being disturbed by the noisy environment. Newly baptized adults do not understand the teachings of the Church and zetamans must explain to them patiently. Vicentiate, one of the zetaman said that sometimes she cries when facing these difficulties. Since she lived alone when serving in the village, sometimes she felt lonely and sad. During this time, she would told herself she need to be patience and asked for God’s help. Jeromena always use the words of the bishop when sending her to evangelize to encourage herself, that is, never give up and pray hard. Sr. Bibiana also stressed that prayer gives her strength to face whatever difficulties.

Every Christian knows the importance of prayer, but in times of concrete difficulties, sometimes one may have doubt and feel weak. However, because of faith and the mission of serving others in mind, most zetamans put everything in God’s hand and can overcome difficulties one by one.

In fact, although the zetamans face difficult kinds of difficulty, they all love their service in village very much. Joy is much more than worry or sadness in the mission of evangelization. This is especially true when they meet kind and friendly villagers, willing to share a little bit food with them; live in harmony with Buddhists and even sing Christmas carol together; pray, study and share with children in villages…all these vitalize their life of evangelization and bring joyful hope to them. This in turn strengthens their desire of sharing faith and love with others.

Bearing Witness Through Action, Integrating prayer with moral life

After hearing the sharing of these zetamans and zetaman sisters, I am deeply impressed by and admire their strong faith and sense of mission. They are not just young girls sitting in front of me, but courageous evangelists and witnesses of Christ. They practice their faith through bearing witness amidst the poor villagers, especially helping children to develop and taking care of the sick. They transform their faith through action, spreading the power of prayer through sharing the treasure of faith. This is exactly the objective of the lay zetaman program and zetaman sisters: evangelization and total human development, that is, to work for the spiritual and temporal welfare of the people, especially the poor, the sick and the marginalized so that they may live a full and decent life as human being here and to attain salvation hereafter. This makes me understand the in-depth meaning of the motto of the lay zetaman program more: go into the deep (Luke 5:4), to serve and to bear witness of the love of God through simple and humble ordinary acts among the Buddhists and pagans. Although we stayed with these young zetamans for only two weeks, all five of us agree that they are serious and sincere in learning and sharing. I think this attitude is highly related to their eagerness in sharing faith with others. No matter in time of learning, sharing, playing games, watching movies, singing and dancing, they involve their whole self wholeheartedly. This touches me deeply.

They are still very young and their path of life is long. They still have lots of things to learn but their life experiences are extraordinary. This deserve us who used to the living style of Hong Kong and take material goods for granted to learn from them, especially their willingness to share, abandoning everything and following the footsteps of Jesus to serve the poorest and the marginalized. From their face, I see the face of Jesus!

Notes: The Lay Zetaman Program was started by Fr. Sotero and Fr. Matthias (now they are bishops) of the Taunggyi Diocese in 1987 (now it is divided into Taunggyi and Lailow dioceses). At that time, they observed that with the vast area of the diocese, priests and nuns might not be able to go into every corner. Thus, they wanted to recruit young people as evangelists to contact and serve the villagers. In 1987, they started the recruitment and gave the name of “zetaman” in 1988, meaning sending the apostles. There were 12 young evangelists for the first batch and then the numbers increase gradually. In 1996, there are about 180 zetamans. At that time, some lay zetamans requested Bishop Matthias to set up a religious congregations for them so that they can devote their life totally to God. Finally, the bishop approved and chose seven from the thirty or more applicants. Sr. Bibiana is one of the first batch of zetaman sisters and will profess her final vow on October 5, 2005.

Sunday, September 25, 2005

傳信會緬甸生活團 體驗山區信徒生活




















香港天主教教友傳信會八月舉辦「緬甸生活體驗團」,讓本港信徒跟當地傳教士互相交流。

傳信會派出兩團共九位信徒,遠赴緬甸東枝(Taunggyi)總教區。第一團五位團員,於八月三至十七日到當地,為信徒團體「福傳小姊妹」(Little Evangelizers)及準大學生提供短期進修課程,教授聖經、英語、電腦及衛生常識,並探訪山區教會團體、孤兒及殘疾人士等。第二團已於八月廿二日出發。

返港後,首團團長潘恩榮八月廿四日對本報說:「當地修女稱我們為老師,實際上,她們才是福傳者的典範。這旅程教我如何活出基督。」潘氏曾隨傳信會到柬埔寨服務。

行程中,團員拜訪過當地的修女,了解當地信徒團體狀況。「負責福傳小姊妹的修女稱,成員並非單純去宣講,而是跟貧民同甘共苦,她們只帶一個薄薄的袋子入村傳教,期間住帳棚、吃野菜。」潘恩榮說:「緬甸分為多個部落,若村民排斥『非我族類』的傳教士,那傳教士只好到另一條村;她們亦面對疾病的威脅,近年共有七位當地修女及傳教士死於瘧疾。」

任職護士的潘恩榮,跟四十位當地「學生」分享衛生常識,他說:「我們的服務對象,大部份是準備入村傳教的年輕信徒和女修會初學生。她們學習衛生常識,以服務傳教點內的村民,以防止更多人受流行病——瘧疾所害。」

潘恩榮續稱:「香港團員都打了針、服過預防藥物才到緬甸,但當地物資匱乏,連基本藥物也不敷應用。修女問我:『如何把膠針筒循環再用,去護理更多病人?』在香港,物資唾手可得,這給我很大的反省。」東枝位於高原地帶,氣溫較為極端,他說:「故此團友回港前,留下了替換的衣服和所有成藥,贈予當地人士。」

團員阮美賢八月廿四日稱,她為當地傳教士的使命感所觸動:「福傳小姊妹跟團員分享傳教召叫。她們都很年輕,成員約二十歲左右。其服務精神,讓我獲益良多。」

首次到緬甸體驗生活的阮美賢說:「當地的人際關係可以很親密。即使我們體驗團要為當地人士預備每天的聖言講授,但我們亦很自在。那是個愉快的旅程。」

談到體驗團的生活,阮氏說:「團員利用自己的長處,跟當地人分享知識,有的教英文、有的教電腦。事前互不相識的團員都能合作無間,這是很好的傳教經驗。」阮氏本身是宗座正義和平委員會成員。

七月底,傳信會到觀塘聖若翰堂介紹海外傳教,並舉行義賣籌款,用作是次傳教、購買醫療用品予東枝教會團體的經費。該堂區信徒潘恩榮感謝信徒的協助:「堂區教友很支持海外傳教,我們籌得的款項,是預期中的四倍。」

公教報 2005.09.04

Monday, September 12, 2005

深入緬甸山區的青年傳道者

  攀山涉水,深入山區,為貧窮的鄉村小孩提供非正規教育;以分享、唱歌、說故事等方式,與小孩及青年分享信仰、教授要理、聖經和其他知識;有時亦要照顧患病的村民...這些都是眼前五位緬甸東枝教區的年青女傳道員(zetaman是緬甸語,意謂被派遣的使徒或傳道者)以及東枝教區傳道女修會(Zetaman Sisters)的修女的共同經驗。
  別以為這些傳道員年紀輕輕,只有二十多數便甚麼事也不懂,其實,她們已在鄉村服務了兩至三年,有些剛從鄉村回來作短暫休息,然後再入村服務;另一些則在服務過程中確認自己的召叫,決定加入修會,以修道人身份服務貧窮人,現在是辨別或望會階段。她們來自不同的村落,與其他三十多位教友傳道員及修女同被安排參與一個由筆者等五位香港教友安排的短期課程,因而聚集在東枝傳道女修會的培育中心。因緣際遇,筆者才有幸認識她們,聆聽到她們的故事和生活經驗,以及與主相遇的經驗。

追隨耶穌,為最貧窮的人做一些微小的事
  服務他人需要基本知識和技巧,所以她們都在服務前接受了三個月的訓練,期間要學習聖經、要理、音樂、基本衛生和醫療知識,及如何照顧病人等。然而,離開家人跑到老遠的陌生鄉村與村民一起生活,從事教育兒童和照顧病人的工作,絕非一般的義務工作,亦不是單憑霎時的衝動或熱誠可以維持經年的。推動她們的是那不滅的實踐信仰心火;她們立志追隨耶穌的步伐與貧窮人在一起,將基督的愛帶給他人。
「我希望像耶穌一樣向貧窮人傳播喜訊」,平時較文靜的Jeromena 以堅定的口吻說;「做天主屬意我做的事,就要學習耶穌的榜樣」,另一位二十出頭的傳道員Stella亦懷著相似的出發點投身傳道員行列;已在Loikow堂區服務了三年的Agatha則期望與沒有機會接受教育的鄉村兒童分享知識和信仰。培育中心院長Sr. Bibiana當年更是在父母反對下偷偷離家出走,走兩天的山路到位於Mobye 的教友傳道計劃中心,為的是完成服務貧窮人這心願,「我的願望很簡單,只是希望能服務教會,為最貧窮的人做一些微小的事情」。縱然願望看似簡單微小,若非信念和意志頑強,真的難以想像外表溫文爾雅的修女會違反父母意思做出這「反叛」行為。

徘徊在生死邊緣
  滿腔熱誠和滿懷信德不代表無往而不利,她們與普通人一樣,遭遇過不少挫折和困難。地理上,由於東枝教區幅員廣大,不少村落位置偏僻,傳道員雖居住在某一鄉村,卻要前往附近村落探訪,而所謂附近的村落,往往要陡步走上大半天路程才可到達。若遇上天雨路滑,上落崎嶇不平的山路時,更是險象環生。好幾位傳道員都表示,她們就曾在下雨後上山落山時不知摔跤了多少次,另一位則說她與同伴過河時差點被突然暴漲的河水沖走,回想起來猶有餘悸,幸好最後都安然無恙。
由於要深入村落,不少傳道員都曾患上虐疾,但由於缺乏藥物和適當護理,有些一病便持續多月,有些更受疾病纏身多年,久不久便病發。事實上,這幾乎是每位入村服務的傳道員難以逃避的經驗,過去,更有八位傳道員因患虐疾趕不及治理而病逝,可見入村服務要承擔一定的風險。
除了天然險境和疾病外,山區傳道員要面對的另一困難是艱苦的生活。她們最初參加這計劃時已知道要與村民一起生活,故已有心理準備要過清貧的生活,而且,她們深知不少村民也生活窮困,未必時常有多餘的食物可分施給她們。然而,傳道員入村是抱著甘苦與共的心態,不帶備金錢只帶備一些藥物照顧病人。除非在堂區或學校服務,她們一般都期望村民能提供簡單的食物。然而,有時卻事與願違。一位傳道員分享說,在她服務的某鄉村,曾遇過一些不愉快的經驗,村民期望傳道員照顧病者及兒童,但當傳道員生病,或再而三希望村民給予一些食物時,他們卻置之不理,令她很傷心,很強挫敗感,心灰意冷。這時候她只好安慰自己,作天主的僕人,耶穌的追隨者,必須堅持下去。
緬甸是佛教國家,不少鄉村人口以佛教徒為主,其中不少對傳道員都很友善,但亦有些對基督徒持敵視態度。Sr. Bibiana分享了她在平朗村的兩年經驗,這村莊是一個佛教徒為主的小鎮,教會不能在那裡建聖堂,而傳道員所住和用作聚會的小屋曾遭兩次小型炸彈襲擊,又遇過有人持刀進入屋內對峙,幸好沒有人受傷,但這些經驗己令人害怕擔心,她和同伴都不敢早晚外出。

祈禱給予力量面對一切困難
  傳道員另一常遇的困難是言語不通,東枝教區內住了多個少數民族,不同村落說著不同的方言,所以入村初期不少傳道員都遇上語言障礙,要花時間學習方言,與他們溝通,瞭解村民的需要。此外,在教導小孩時又要面對孩子不專心學習或四周環境嘈雜的問題,村內新教友對很多教會教導都不理解,要花很長時間解釋。其中一位傳道員Vincentiate分享說,當她遇上這些困難時,她亦曾傷心落淚,加上沒有人分享更倍感孤單,她只好勸自己耐心一點,多體諒小孩和村民,並祈禱求天主賜予力量。Jeromena則說她會以主教派遣她作傳道員的說話勉勵自己,即在任何情況下也不要氣餒,要用心祈禱。Sr. Bibiana更強調,「祈禱給予力量面對一切困難」。
作為基督徒固然知道祈禱的重要性,但面對實實在在的困難時,實踐起來可不容易。然而,大部份的傳道員就是因著這份信德和服務貧窮者的使命感,把困難交托給上主,透過祈禱把困難一一克服過來。
其實,雖然她們在生活中曾遇上大小不一的難題,但她們卻異口同聲說很喜歡在鄉村服務的日子,在鄉村傳道是喜多於憂的,特別是當遇到友善的村民,貧窮的他們仍慷慨地給予傳道員一點糧食;與大部份是佛教徒的村民能和諧共處,在聖誕節時更一起唱歌報佳音;與小孩一起祈禱、學習和分享信仰等...凡此種種都令她們的傳道生涯充滿喜樂,令她們更渴望與人分享信仰和發自信仰的這份愛。

以行動見證福音,祈禱與倫理生活結合
聽罷幾位教友傳道員和修女的分享,我深深感到他們的強烈使命感和信德,不得不令人欽佩。坐在面前的再不只是幾位年輕的女孩,而是勇敢而堅毅的基督傳訊者和見證人,將福音的喜訊以行動在貧困的鄉民中見證出來,特別在幫助鄉村小童成長和學習和照顧病人方面;她們都能將信仰化為行動,將祈禱所賦予的力量散發出來,將信仰的寶庫與他人分享。這正是教友傳道員計劃和傳道女修會的宗旨:以服務和見證傳福音,令人在精神及物質上得到發展,過有尊嚴的生活。這亦令我明白到這計劃的座佑銘「划到深處」(路5:4)的深層意義,即是以服務和見證方式在佛教徒和無信仰者中間傳揚福音精神,深入使命。
我們五人雖然與這些年青傳道人員相處不足兩周,但一致公認她們的學習態度認真又誠懇,我心想這與她們渴望與人分享的心不無關係。不論學習、分享、遊戲、看電影、唱歌跳舞等,她們無不全心投入,實在令人動容。年輕的她們尚有漫長的人生道路要走,仍有很多東西要學習,但她們的人生經驗絕不簡單,值得生活在香港、習慣了城市生活、視物質為理所當然的我們學習,特別是願意分享,願意捨棄一切服務他人的做人態度,以及將基督的愛帶給最貧困和被忽略的人的決心。從她們的臉上,我看到了耶穌的面容!

(註:教友傳道員計劃最初由東枝教區的Fr. Sotero和Fr. Matthias構思(現時兩人已成為主教),他們留意到東枝教區(Taunggyi Diocese,現時已分為Taunggyi和Loikaw兩個教區)幅員遼闊,司鐸和修女未必能深入每一處,因而想到招募年青人作為傳信者,深入村莊接觸和服務村民。自1987年起,他們招募年青人成立使徒團體,並於1988年取名zetaman,有派遣宗徒的涵意,第一批傳信者亦是十二人,其後每年數目遞增,至1996年有180人。其中,部份傳道員要求主教為zetaman成立修道團體,終身奉獻。主教考慮後,從三十多位申請者中揀選了七位成立團體,就這樣,Sr. Bibiana成為第一批zetaman sisters之一,將於今年十月五日矢發永願。)

(公教報 2005.09.11)